Boiling Point of an Organic Compound
Boiling Point of an Organic Compound When we talk about boiling point of organic molecules, it is the temperature at which breakage of attraction force (like Vanderwaal attraction force) and bonds (like hydrogen bonds) between the molecules takes place and molecules get free to move separately, there is no breakage of covalent bond within a […]
Melting Point of an Organic Compound
Melting Point of an Organic Compound The most important application of melting point is confirmation of synthesized organic compound, however now different spectral techniques are also available (like IR, NMR and Mass Spectroscopy) but melting point confirmation through reference melting point is an economical, easy and convenient way for confirming the synthesized compound. Melting point […]
Hydrogenation of Alkenes over Nickel Catalyst
Hydrogenation of Alkenes Over Nickel Catalyst Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbon) get reduced to alkanes in the presence of hydrogen and nickel catalyst into alkanes (saturated hydrocarbon). In this process, nickel catalyst adsorbs the alkene and hydrogen molecules on its surface, and then hydrogen gets attached to alkenes making new sigma bonds and finally converting alkenes into […]
Rearrangement Reactions in Organic Chemistry
Rearrangement Reactions in Organic Chemistry Rearrangement reactions are one of the important class of organic reactions, wherein a group or bond attached to a carbon atom moves to another carbon atom often in a single molecule. Example: A-B-X → B-A-X In rearrangement reactions, the reaction may involve more than one step. No by-products would be […]
Baker-Venkataraman Rearrangement
Baker -Venkataraman Rearrangement This rearrangement reaction of organic chemistry involves the regio-selective formation of 1,3-diketones through the base-induced transfer of acyl group in O-acylated phenol ester. It is an intramolecular acyl transfer reaction via the formation of an enolate. This rearrangement reaction plays a key role in the synthesis of flavons from readily available starting […]
Benzyl-Benzilic acid Rearrangement
Benzyl-Benzilic Acid Rearrangement Rearrangement of a-diketones to a-hydroxycarboxylic acid through 1, 2-shift intramolecular rearrangement is called as a benzyl-benzylic acid reaction. This reaction helps in synthesizing a-hydroxy acids using easily available starting materials. Mechanism involving in this rearrangement reaction is,
Claisen Rearrangement
Claisen Rearrangement Sigmatropic or electrocyclic intramolecular rearrangement of aryl allyl ether in to gamma, delta-unsaturated carbonyl compound in the presence of heat or Lewis acid is known as Claisen rearrangement. Sigmatropic rearrangement involves migration of s bond from one end of p system to others. Reaction mechanism of this reaction closely resembles that of Diels- […]
Cope Rearrangement
Cope Rearrangement Thermal isomerization of 1,5-diene into regio-specific 1,5-diene is known as cope rearrangement. This rearrangement is generally reversible in nature and is key in the synthesis of complex natural products such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, etc. in organic chemistry. Mechanism of Cope and Claisen rearrangements are very similar. Anionic oxy-cope rearrangement is the reaction in […]
Fries Rearrangement
Fries Rearrangement It is an organic reaction wherein acyl phenols are formed from phenolic esters in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. Many of these are act as intermediates in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, thermographic and other industrial synthetic products. When the same rearrangement reaction takes place in the presence of light, it is known […]
Pinacol Rearrangements
Pinacol Rearrangements Acid-catalyzed conversion of 1,2-diols to ketones along with the elimination of water as a by-product are collectively called as pinacol rearrangements. One of such organic reaction is the formation of pinacolone (methyl tert-butyl ketone) from pinacol (2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol) and is famously known as Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement. This reaction used only occasionally to synthesize ketones […]