‘Alkyl Halide’ A Wonderful Organic Molecule
You can synthesize most of the organic compounds by using alkyl halides as a starting material. This property of alkyl halides makes it wonderful. In laboratory if you have alkyl halides with you that means you have most of the organic compound with you. Given transformations will unfold the wonder of alkyl halides:
Preparation reactions of Alkanes
Summary Chart for Alkane preparation reactions
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbns means compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon, which can be further classified as aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are further classified into families like: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and cycloalkanes.
Free radicals halogenation of alkane
Free radicals are highly reactive species with unpaired valance electron. Carbon free radicals are formed during halogenation of alkanes and orientation as well as reactivity depends on the type of free radical. It is known as free radical substitution reaction. Ease of formation of free radical: 3° > 2° > 1° > CH3. It […]
Enantiomerism
A tetrahedral carbon with four different substituents shows the enantiomerism with different three dimensional isomeric structures. The carbon bearing four different substituents is called as chiral or asymmetric carbon. A molecule with one asymmetric carbon shows two enantiomers which are mirror image of each other and non-superimposable. Enantiomers are optically active and they rotate the […]
Conformations
A different arrangement of the atoms in the space by rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond is known as conformers and collectively called as conformational isomers. These are inter-convertible by rotation of single bond. The simplest molecules show conformation is ethane (CH3CH3). The conformer I is called as Staggered conformation and II is called as […]
Absolute Configuration
An arrangement of the atoms in the space attached to a chiral carbon is referred as configuration and most commonly expressed by absolute configuration as “R” and “S.” The absolute configuration assigned by CIP system given by three organic chemists named as R.S. Cahn, C.K. Ingold, and V. Prelog. A CIP nomenclature includes the assignment of a prefix […]
Elimination Reactions
As the name indicates, small molecule eliminates during these types of reactions. This small molecule is generally water (-H2O) in the case of dehydration or HX in the case of dehydrohalogenation. A 1, 2-elimination suggests that the atoms that are eliminated
Solubility of benzoic acid versus phenol in aqueous solution of NaOH and NaHCO3
Benzoic acid and phenol both are insoluble in water due to non-polar benzene ring but these molecules become soluble if we react them with an aqueous solution of NaOH, which forms water-soluble sodium salt of the benzoic acid (Sodium benzoate) and the sodium salt of phenol (sodium phenoxide). But when these compounds reacted with an […]
Possible chair conformations of 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane
In the given figure various possible chair conformations of 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane are drawn. There are two possibilities that are cis or trans, but the position of the methyl group on axial or equatorial bond on cyclohexane determines whether the compound is cis or trans. Like in given figure no. 1, if both methyl groups are attached […]