Cetirizine Vs. Levocetirizine
Cetirizine vs. Levocetirizine Cetirizine and Levocetirizine are non-sedating second-generation antihistamine drugs. These drugs are used to combat various allergic problems. Cetirizine is a mixture of levocetirizine and dextrocetirizine. But levocetirizine is many times more selective for H1-Histamine receptor compared to dextrocetirizine. Thus, it produces fewer side effects (like sedation) compared to cetirizine which is a […]
Curtius Rearrangement Reaction
Curtius Rearrangement Reaction Curtius rearrangement reaction is named after Dr. Julius Wilhalm Theodor Curtius, who proposed it in 1885.The reaction is thermally dependent, which converts acyl azide into isocyanate. The reaction rate is influenced by the presence of protic acid and Lewis acids as it decreases the temperature required for decomposition and enhances the yield […]
Wolf-Kishner Reduction and Huang Minlon Modification
Wolf – Kishner Reduction and Huang Minlon Modification Wolf-Kishner reduction is the reaction, where carbonyl compounds aldehydes and ketones convert to corresponding alkanes. The reaction takes place in presence of hydrazine, base, and heat. In this reaction, intermediate hydrazone is formed by condensation of the carbonyl substrate with hydrazine. This reduction reaction was discovered by […]
Cannizzaro Reaction
Cannizzaro Reaction Cannizzaro reaction is a type of organic redox reaction, in which two molecules of aldehydes in presence of base converts to their primary alcohol and carboxylic acid by reduction as well oxidation respectively. In this reaction aldehydes should not have any alpha hydrogen (like formaldehyde, benzaldehyde etc.) The reaction was first discovered in […]
Diels-Alder Reaction
Diels – Alder Reaction Diel-Alder reaction is a type of cycloaddition reaction. There is cycloaddition of a conjugated diene with an alkene to form cyclohexene. The reaction was first discovered by Otto-Diels and Kurt Alder in the year 1928 and their work was applauded with Nobel Prize in chemistry in the year 1950. There is […]
Wurtz Reaction
Wurtz Reaction It is an organometallic reaction which leads to the formation of alkanes by coupling of two alkyl halides in presence of sodium metal. The reaction was discovered by Charles- Adolphe Wurtz in 1855. Mechanism of action: It is a reaction which involves free radical formation. Firstly there is single electron transfer, sodium metal […]
Sandmeyer Reaction
Sandmeyer Reaction Sandmeyer reaction is a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction in which benzene diazonium salt is converted to aryl halide in presence of copper halide. The reaction was first discovered by Traugott Sandmeyer who was a Swiss chemist in the year 1804. Diazonium salt is formed in presence of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous mineral […]
Mannich Reaction
Mannich Reaction The mannich reaction is an organic amino alkylation reaction which leads to the formation of a β-aminocarbonyl compound from primary or secondary amine and carbonyl compounds from which one should be enolizable and other the other one should be non-enolizable. The reaction takes place in presence of base or acid catalyst. The reaction […]
Reimer-Tiemann Reaction
Reimer – Tiemann Reaction Reimer- Tiemann reaction is an organic reaction which forms hydroxybenzaldehyde from phenol in the presence of chloroform and base. The reaction is named after Karl Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann who discovered reaction in 1876. The general reaction is the conversion of phenol to salicylaldehyde. The reaction takes place in a biphasic […]
Clemmensen Reduction
Clemmensen Reduction Clemmensen reduction is an organic reaction which leads to the formation of alkanes by reduction of aldehydes or ketones in presence of acid and with amalgamated zinc. The Danish chemist discovered this reaction named Erik Christian Clemmensen. The substrate should not be acid sensitive, if the substrate is acid sensitive then reduction is […]