Hybridization is defined as the mixture of two different molecular orbitals to form a new orbital/hybrid having different energy and shape.

Types:

Sp, Sp², Sp³, Sp³d, Sp³d2, Sp³d3.

Sp hybridization:

It is done by intermixing one ‘s’ and one ‘p’ orbital. Finally, originated hybrid has an energy of two different orbitals and hybrid is called a Sp hybrid and the process is known as hybridization.

These are the orbitals arranged at an angle of 180^0.  Containing half portion of s and half portion of p. An example of Sp hybridization is Acetylene.

Sp² hybridization:

The formation of sp² hybridization occurs when carbon has 3 groups are attached to it. It involves 67% of p orbital and 33% of s orbital to produce a hybrid.

These are having a shape like a triangle as three corners are at an angle of 120⁰. It requires a two-sigma bond and one pi bond. An example is an ethylene.

Sp³ hybridization:

It occurs when carbon has four groups attached with it where s character is only 25% and p contains almost 75% of the portion of a hybrid.

It has a tetrahedral shape which is found at an angle of 109.28⁰. One such example is methane.

Summary: