Angle ,Torsional and Steric Strains
Angle Strain: Any deviation from normal bond angles (for sp3 hybridized carbon it is 109o, for sp2 it is 120 o and for sp hybridized it is 180 o) causes angle strain because the normal bond angle is most stable conformation for a molecule.
Torsional Strain: Any deviation from staggered conformation causes torsional strain.
Steric Strain: Non-bonded atoms (groups), if brought any closer than normal distance (van der Walls radii) causes repulsion or steric strain.
![](https://onlineorganicchemistrytutor.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/blog74.1-300x79.png)
![](https://onlineorganicchemistrytutor.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/blog74.2-300x176.png)
![](https://onlineorganicchemistrytutor.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/blog74.3-300x119.png)