| Functional Group | Examples | Reaction Mechanism |
| Alkanes |  | Free radical Substitution |
| Alkenes |  | Electrophilic addition |
| Alkynes |  | Electrophilic addition |
| Dienes |  | Electrophilic addition |
| Arenes |  | Electrophilic aromatic substitution |
| Alkyl halides |  | Nucleophilic Substitution OR Elimination |
| Aryl halides |  | Electrophilic aromatic substitution OR Nucleophilic aromatic substitution |
| Alcohols |  | Dehydration OR Conversion to alkyl halides OR Esterification |
| Phenols |  | Electrophilic aromatic Substitution |
| Ethers |  | Cleavage by hydrogen halide |
| Epoxides |  | Nucleophilic ring opening |
| Aldehydes |  | Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group |
| Ketones |  | Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group |
| Carboxylic Acids |  | Ionization of carbonyl OR Esterification |
| Acyl halides |  | Nucleophilic acyl substitution |
| Acid anhydrides |  | Nucleophilic acyl substitution |
| Esters |  | Nucleophilic acyl substitution |
| Amides |  | Nucleophilic acyl substitution |
| Amines |  | Nitrogen acts as a nucleophile or as a base |
| Nitriles |  | Nucleophilic addition to carbon nitrogen triple bond |
| Nitro Compounds |  | Reduction of nitro group to amine |
| Thiols |  | Oxidation to sulfenic, sulfinic or sulfonic acid |
